Cities are the most important packages of the built environment for the living. They have social, political, economic, and more complex layers by which we human beings accentuate our daily routine. Governments and planners should give serious attention and consideration to the de-growth and growth of this living miniature. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.
Moreover, John F. Here below, I will put a brief description of Urbanization and Urbanism and what they really mean. An urban area is a built-up area such as a town or city.
A rural area is an area of countryside. As a country industrializes, the number of people living in urban areas tends to increase. It is the growth of cities, brought about by a population shift from rural areas and small communities to large ones, and the change from a largely agricultural economy to an industrial one.
This results in the development of cities and towns on formerly agricultural or natural lands. Deepika Deswal states urbanization as a result of population concentration in urban areas, and as a shift away from an agrarian economy to the industrialized one. Urbanization is featured by the fast Growth in Urban Population, the large Increase in big towns, and the regional Disparities in it.
Urbanization occurs due to rural push 6. Demographic explosion in few areas 7. It has occurred without much industrialization. Service sector growth 8. Southern India is more urbanized than Northern and Eastern India. Causes of rapid urbanization 1. Natural Increase in Population: One important cause of rapid urbanization is the natural increase in population. The number by which the birth rate exceeds the death rate in urban areas gives this. This is probably higher than the rural. The net survival rate is also higher on account of the availability of the health and medical facilities.
Migrations from Rural Areas: Migrations from rural areas is another factor responsible for rapid urbanization. At the moment their number is not exactly known. But it can be guessed that it may be something to do with the swelling of urban population. The rural to urban migrations have been caused by several factors in the past since Independence. Industrial development has, for example, led to creation of many activities of manufacturing, trading etc. Backwardness of the villages in respect of living conditions is another factor pushing people out of the villages.
The availability of many opportunities for good education and living in urban areas etc. Boundary Changes: As cities expanded, the outlaying rural areas have been included in the urban areas. They may even continue to retain most of the characteristics of villages. But they are counted as urban population by virtue of being classified as urban areas. Population falling in these areas also swells the number of urban population.
Various government schemes to tackle problem of Urbanization 1. Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission - for providing urban amenities in rural areas. Skill India scheme March for skill development and entrepreneurship 5. National Urban Transport Policy, to address the transport needs of city dwellers 6. Smart city initiative for creating smart cities 7. Swachh Bharat for clean urban area 8. Din Dayal Antyodaya — To provide employment opportunities to poor. Urbanism According to Theodorson, Urbanism is a way of life.
It reflects an organization of society in terms of a complex division of labour, high levels of technology, high mobility, interdependence of its members in fulfilling economic functions and impersonality in social relations. Urbanism is the study of cities - their geographic, economic, political, social and cultural environment, and the imprint of all these forces on the built environment.
Urbanism is the study of the characteristic ways of interaction of inhabitants of towns and cities urban areas with the built environment. It is a direct component of disciplines such as urban planning the physical design and management of urban structures and urban sociology the study of urban life and culture.
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